1 Samuel 26:12

Authorized King James Version

So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's bolster; and they gat them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither awaked: for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּקַּח֩
took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#2
דָּוִ֨ד
So David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
אֶֽת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
הַחֲנִ֜ית
the spear
a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)
#5
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
צַפַּ֤חַת
and the cruse
a saucer (as flat)
#7
הַמַּ֙יִם֙
of water
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#8
מֵרַֽאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י
bolster
a pillow (being for the head)
#9
שָׁא֔וּל
from Saul's
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#10
וַיֵּֽלְכ֖וּ
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#11
לָהֶ֑ם
H0
#12
וְאֵ֣ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#13
רֹאֶה֩
and no man saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#14
וְאֵ֨ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#15
יוֹדֵ֜עַ
it nor knew
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#16
וְאֵ֣ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#17
מֵקִ֗יץ
it neither awaked
to awake (literally or figuratively)
#18
כִּ֤י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#19
כֻלָּם֙
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#20
יְשֵׁנִ֔ים
for they were all asleep
sleepy
#21
כִּ֚י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#22
תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת
because a deep sleep
a lethargy or (by implication) trance
#23
יְהוָ֔ה
from the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#24
נָֽפְלָ֖ה
was fallen
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#25
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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